Antioxidant compounds from red grapes may prevent the
build up of fat in muscle tissue and positively impact the
body's response to insulin, hormone responsible for sugar
and fat metabolism, reports a new study from France.
Researchers from the University of Montpellier in the South
of France report that laboratory subjects fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet, supplemented with grape polyphenols demonstrated a lower accumulation of fat in muscle tissues.
Diets high in saturated fats are reported to negatively impact insulin resistance, whereby cells do not respond adequately
to the normal levels of insulin produced by the body, a marker
of the onset of diabetes, explained the researchers in the
British Journal of Nutrition.
The affect of fat on insulin sensitivity is said to occur via changes to the compositions of cell membranes, particularly
the phospholipids in the membrane. The new study sought to identify if consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from grapes could change the composition of fat in muscle cell membranes, with a particular focus on phospholipids and triglycerides.
In a controlled Lab environment, subjects were divided into three groups: The first group was fed a standard diet, while
the other two groups received a diet containing high levels
of fat and sugar. One of the high-fat, high-sugar groups
received an additional extract of grape polyphenols.
Results showed that subjects receiving the grape extract
had lower triglyceride levels in the cell membranes of their muscles, compared to the high-fat, high-sugar-fed subjects.
In addition levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
in the phospholipid portion of the membranes were found
to increase in the grape-fed subjects.
The high-fat, high-sugar diet was found to alter gene
expression in muscle cells, but these changes were reversed
in the subjects given the grape extract, said the researchers.
"In conclusion, the grape polyphenol extract modulated membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and decreased muscle triglyceride content in high-fat, high-sugar diet-fed subjects," reported the researchers.
"The PPE lowered gene and protein expression, probably decreasing fatty acid transport and lipid accumulation within skeletal muscle," they added.
"These effects of the PPE are in favor of a better insulin sensibility."
Source: British Journal of Nutrition (Published online)
"A grape polyphenol extract modulates muscle membrane fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism"
This article is for informational and educational purposes only,
and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Contact your healthcare professional for medical and nutritional consultation.
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